Crusher and chain



J Nov. 1926.

E. H. FRYICKEY 'CRUSHER AND CHAIN iled Oct. 31 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 2, 1926. 1,605,181

E. H. FRICKEY CRUSHER AND CHAIN Filed Oct. 31, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 2, 1926.

PATENT OFFICE.

- EDWARD H. FBICKEY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

CBUSHER AND CHAIN.

Application filed October 31, 1925. Serial No '86,096.

, This invention relates to crushers, and with regard to certain more specific features to crushers for such materials as limestone, shale, iron ore, coal, gypsum, asphalt rock and similar materials which may contain moist impurities such as clay or mud.

Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of a simple and rugged crusher, the provision of means for preventing detrimental clogging of such a crusher, the provision of means for easily adjusting the relationship between various elements of said crusher, the provision of improved driving means for such a crusher and the provision of improved crush-resisting elements therefor. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts which are exemplified in the structure hereinafter described, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which are shown several of various possible 9111- bodiments of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a right side elevation of the crusher;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation;

Fig. 3 is an ideal longitudinal section taken approximately on the line 33 of Fi 2;

ig. 4 is a fragmentary section taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 3, and shows an end driven chain of movable breaker plates and sprockets therefor;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on line 55 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 6 is a vertical inverted section of one of-the breaker plates illustrated in Figs. 4 and 9 and taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section similar to Fig. 5 but shows the use of two chains of center driven movable breaker plates and sprockets therefor;

Fig. 8 is a vertical inverted longitudinQi section of a pair of center driven breaker plates and is taken along the line 88 of Fig. 9 is a plan view of a driven plates linked together;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a pair of center driven plates linked together;

pair of end Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the universal drive for the machine;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary section taken on line 12-12 of Fig. 1; and

. 13 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken on line 1313 of Fig. 1.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings there is illustrated at 1 a frame comprised of side castings 3, a cover 5 and a hopper chute 7.

Forwardly bolted at 9 between the two side castings 3, is a cross channel beam 11 (see Fig. 3). This channel beam 11 serves to tie the side castings together at the forward end of the crusher. Ahead of said channel beam 11 is bolted another cross beam or brace casting 10 bolted sidewardly at points 12. This casting 10 also aids in holding the frame side castings 3 together. Rearwardly a frame 13 serves the same purpose. The frame 13 has its central opening normally closed by a door 15 which may be opened for purposes of inspection when occasion demands. It is to be understood that the beam 11 may be dispensed with, under certain conditions.

The cover 5, itself an assembly of component castings, serves to close the device and tie the end castings together at their upper portions.

The side castings 3, the frame 13 ineluding its door 15, and the cover 5 serve to enclose a rotating set of hammers 17 mounted between discs 19. The disc faces are machined to receive the hammers between them and are provided with throughbolts 21 for tightening the hammers. Other holes'23 in the discs permit adjustment of each set of hammers as wear on said hammers takes place. The adjustment is radial so. that as the hammers wear shorter, compensation may be permitted.

The discs and hammers are mounted upon a shaft 25 running crosswise of the machine. This shaft is borne in ring-oiled bearings 27 at each side of the device. The bearings are cast with the end castings and are of generous proportions as is the whole machine. On the left end of the shaft, and outside of the machine is borne a fly-wheel 29, and on its right end a driving coupling 31.

Cradled below the rotary hammers 17 are -cage bars 33 cast en bloc. Th y are held in position by means of bolts 35 and cage liners 37. The liners are bolted to the side castings 3 and serve as end supports for the cage bars. They also protect the surfaces to which they are bolted from abrasion. These bars serve to permit only material which has been crushed down to a proper size to pass out of the base of the machine.

At the ends of the han'imer-disc assembly,

or rotor, are placed end liners 39. These are bolted to the end-casting 3 and cover 5 and serve as renewable safeguards against abrasion of said parts. The chute 7 is lined with liners 14 at points subjected to abrasion.

F orwardly of the machine, and on the upper corners of the side castings 3 are fastened guide castings 41 (Figs. 1, 2 and 12). These castings 41 are provided with rearwardly and downwardly sloping guide slots 43.

Adjustable bearings 47 are slidably held in th slots'43. These bearings are suitably held in an adjustable position by means of underslung saddle members 49 upon which said bearings rest. The members 49 are countersunk into the bearings 47 and prevent sideward motion of said bearings. The members 49 are held in position by a pair of adjusting bolts 51.

Mounted in and between the bearing blocks 47 is an upper cross-shaft 45 upon whichis mounted a plurality (four shown in Fig. 2) of supporting rolls The rolls 5:)

serve purposes to be described and may be varied in number and/or position to suit certain types of breaker plate chains to be mounted thereon.

A lower cross shaft 57 similar to the upper cross shaft 45, extends laterally between the side castings 3. It is mounted in adjustable bearing blocks 16 at each side of the machine. The blocks 16 are slidably arranged in substantially horizontal guides 18, formed in sidewardly placed castings 20. The castings 20 may either be formed integrally with the side castings 3 or be bolted thereto. It is obvious that the shaft 57 may be moved forwardly or rearwardly by sliding the bearing blocks 16 in their guides 18. Substantially horizontal elongated passages 22 (see Figs. 1 and 13) are formed in the side castings 3 in order to permit said movement of the lower cross shaft A proper tongued and grooved formation of the bottoms of the guides prevents sidewise motion of the blocks and yet permits their removal at one end of their travel (Fig. 13). If desired, collars on the shaft 57 may prevent said sidewise motion.

At their inner ends the bearing blocks 16 are provided with turned gudgeon portions 24. The portions 24 are loosel fitted into elongated openings 26 forme longitudinally at the lower ends of a pair of adjusting levers 28. One opening 26 is formed in each of the levers 28. Each of the levers 28 is pivoted to a side casting 3 at the upper front portion of said casting. that is, beneath the guide casting 41. Each reaches downwardly into a flat, vertical opening 30 in the portion 20 made to accommodate the said lever 28, and therein embraces the gudgeon portion 24 of the bearing blocks 16 by means of the opening 26. The openings 26 are of such length, that if the levers 28 be swung forwardly or rearwardly the blocks 16 ma traverse their complete predetermined path. Each opening 30 permits ample swing of its corresponding lever 28.

It is obvious at this stage of the descripton, that by swinging the levers 28 upon their pivot. rod 30, that the lower cross shaft 57 may be moved forwardly or rearwardly of the crusher, in so far as its translatory motion is governed by the translator-y motion of the bearing blocks 16 in their guides 18.

In order to swing the levers 28 on their pivot rod 30", sideward adjusting rods or bars 32 are pinned to bosses 34 formed with the levers 28. A through-bolt or shaft 36 serves to pin each bar 32 to its lever 28 and nuts are provided on the bolt ends whereby the bars 32 and levers 28 may be drawn tightly together after an adjustment is made. The levers 28 and bars 32 are drawn against the side castings 3. The bars 32 pass forward of the machine in under the bearings 27. and through lugs 38 formed integrally with the rearward end of the machine. These side bars may be adjusted by means of nuts and lock nuts 40 so that they may govern and swing position of the levers 28 and other parts to be described. Fig. 3 shows one of two slots 42 formed in the side castings 3 which accommodate the forward and rearward motion ofthe clamping through-bolt or shaft 36. The shaft 36 reaches laterally across the machine (Figs. 1 and 3), as does the pivot rod 30.

Reference to Fig. 4 indicates that in one form of the crusher, the cross shaft 57 has fastened thereto, end sprockets 59. These are placed just within the limits of the side castings 3. Between the sprockets 59, and mounted on said shaft 57 is a series of vane castingsor propellers 61. Each casting or propeller 61 comprises, a collar 63 adapted to be fastened to shaft 57 by a key or otherwise, and a plurality of skew shaped vanes 65. The vanes 65 are of such radial length as to reach near the base of the teeth of the sprockets on shaft 57. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the vanes to the right of the central one are skewed in one direction while those on the other side are skewed in the other direction. The vanes by this means catch dirt, grit and other material which sifts through to them by way of a chain, to be described, and propel or drive out said material sidewardly to eject it. The central vane casting may be placed to feed material to the right or left as desired. If an even number of vane castings is used, there will be equal division between the ones skewed one way and the ones skewed the other way.

Over the sprockets 59 of the lower shaft- 57 and the supporting rolls 55 the upper shaft is placed a belt or chain 67 comprising links or breaker plates 69 formed of solid manganese or other wear and impact resisting material (see Figs. 3 and 4).

Zach link 69 (Figs. 6 and 9) comprises a bar at the ends and on one side of which are formed outwardly jutting gudgeons 71 adapted to ride between the teeth of the sprockets 59 and to be driven thereby. These gudgeons are properly rounded to kinematically mesh with proper teeth on the sprockets.

On one edge of the links 69 are'formed projections or hinge portions 73. On the other edge are formed similar projections 75 in staggered relationship to the said portions 73. Thereby a series of the links 69 (see Fig. 9) may be interfitted. Through the various sets of interfitting hin e portions 73 and 75 are bored or otherwise formed aligned holes 77. adapted to receive a link pin or rod 79. The holes 77 pass through the said gudgeon 71 and are therein countersunk. The rod 79 is riveted over at the countersunk holes as the chain is made. It is formed flush with the gudgeon ends.

Reference towFig-(i indicates cored depressions on the inside of the links. These serve lightening purposes.

'Itis evident t mat the gudgeons serve to mesh with the sprockets 59 and may be driven thereby. Hence the chain is driven if the sprockets are rotated as indicated in Fig. 3. The supporting rolls act as idlers and support the chain at its upper end. The diameters of'rolls 55 are approximately that of the sprockets at the base of their teeth. The gudgeons ride free of the rolls 55.

The linked chain 67and the hammers 17 form the crushing elements of this machine. The links cover the width of the hammer rotor in projection. In order to withstand the attendant impact of the crushing operation the chain 67, or breaker plates 69. are backed This platen S1 is pivoted to the end castings 3 by the said pivot rod 30* which forms the pivots for the outside adjusting arms 28 (see Figs. 1 and 3). It backs the chain of breaker plates at the point of impact. It may be adjusted to different required degrees of slope of the breaker plates, or to different degrees of wear in said members by means of the said shaft 36 which passes through said slots 42 in flanges 85 of the platen and through slots 87 in the side castings 3. Outside of the side castings 3, it should be remembered, the shaft 36 serves normally to clamp the levers 28. and rods 32 together and to the said castings 3. Hence it is obvious that when the lower shaft 57 is adjusted to position by means of the rods 32 and levers 28. after loosening shaft 36, that the backing platen 81 is automatically adjusted by means of the said rod 36. When the chain is adjusted to a position nearer the hammers 17 it may sometimes be necessary to adjust the upper shaft 45 downwardly to compensate for the tendency to stretch the chain. However, at other times this may not. be a desirable procedure, in so far as slack should be taken from the chain at intervals as it wears. Hence, at certain times one adjust-- ment at the rods 32 will sutlice to adjust for wear at the hammers 17 and wear at the chain pins or rods 7 9. This is a labor saving feature in so far as both of the stated adjustments for wear should be made. at intervals in a machine ofthe type described.

. In Fig. 3 isillustrated another throughshaft 89 passing through proper slots in the side castings .3 and platen flanges 85, which is held in place by clamping it in tension to the castings 3. This shaft 89 is loosened when adjustments are made and ti htened thereafter whereby it aids in bracing the platen 81 against impact transmitted to said platen from the hammers.

In Figs. 7, 8 and 10 is illustrated another form of chain breaker plate in which two rowsof plates are used. This is known as the center drive chain because the sideward gudgeons 71 are not used.

In the last-named form of the device, the lower shaft 57 has formed thereto, at distances from the side castings 3, four sprockets 91. These sprockets are fastened to the shaft 57 in pairs on each, side of the center thereof (see Fig. 7). Between the pairs of sprockets and between the members of each pair are placed a unit or units of the propellers 61, described in connection with the first form of the device. These propellers also serve the same purposes as described.

Over the pairs of sprockets 91 arev placed two chains 93 of breaker plates 95.

.Figs. 8 and 10 show that each link or plate 95 comprises a bar formed with a-se- The rod 103 is again swaged over in counterbores as described for the first form.

Beneath the links are formed cored out depressions 105 adapted to accommodate the teeth of the sprockets 91 as said teeth cooperate in driving with the extensions 97 of the plate ahead (see Fig. 5). Other depressions 107 help to lighten the links.

In the manner above described, two chains are formed for the: modified form of machine. These are placed side by side (Figs. 7 and 8) over the pairs of sprockets 91 and over the pairs of supporting rolls 55. TlllS system of chains has the advantage that if one link breaks, repairs are facilitated. The relatively light gudgeons of the first form are also dispensed with.

The purpose of riveting the heads of the pivot rods flush with the link ends in the last type of chain described, is to permit as close a cooperation as possible between the inner edges of the chains with each other and the outer edges of the chains with the side walls of the crushing chute, whereby an excessive amount of material is prevented from sifting through the chain.

Material which does sift through either form of chain normally falls into the sideward propelling system on the lower shaft 57 and is gradually propelled sidewardly until ejected at the ends of said shaft. As shown in Fig. 5, all sprockets are provided with cored openings to permit sideward passage of this sifted material.

Fi and 11 illustrate the driving means applied to shaft 57. At the left side of the machine the shaft 57 extends outwardly to receive a splined universal joint 111. The joint 111 is provided with a drive shaft 113. The shaft 113 is in turn driven through an other splined universal joint 115 by a primary drive shaft 117 emanating from a speed transformer T. The transformer T carries a flywheel F for purposes of equalizing loads, and receives its energy from some external prime mover or other source not shown.

The shaft 57 is driven in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figs. 1 and 3. It is obvious that, due to the universal drive described, that the shaft 57 may be driven in any of its adjusted positions and thereby drives the breaker plate chain downwardly at the point of impact. The hammers 17 rotate counter-clockwise as viewed in Figs. 1 and 3. Their linear speed at the crushing point is preferably substantially higher than that of the moving plates, whereby material is carried down to the grates.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

Material such as lump rock is fed into the hopper 7. Gravity carries it downward on the sloping breaker plates into the paths of the rapidly rotating hammers 17. These hammers impact the lumpy material against the slowly and downwardly moving breaker plate chains thereby breaking most of the material down to a size small enough to pass the cage bars 33. That which has not been broken small enough can not pass the cage bars and consequently goes around with the hammers for a second crushing. The liners 14 and 37 protect the frame against wear. The breaker plates of course transmit the force of the blow given to them, to the backing platen 81.

One of the purposes of moving the breaker plates is to provide means for automatically cleaning them. Heretofore, mud, clay or other soft material might and would gather on the stationary plates just clear of the path of the hammers, that is, just above them on the stationary plates. This material gradually impacted and gathered in ever increasing quantities and finally materially cut down the capacity of the machine by partially closing the entrance chute. With the present device this disadvantage is eliminated in that the impacting material is gradually brought into the path of the rapidly moving hammers and is thereb scraped off. A scraper 109 furthers this result (see Fig. 3). This scraper is of particular use when the breaker plate is adjusted to a position some distance from the path of the revolving hammers.

The above advantage is gained without sacrificing the desirable high relative velocity relationship between the hammers and breaker plate, in so far as the breaker plates move at a relatively slow speed.

Another advantage of moving the breaker plates is to equalize wear on them. The advantages of having the adjustments described, for purposes of grading material and to take up wear are obvious. The improved means for making these adjustments saves time in making them for two such adjustments may be made at once and while the machine is in motion. The cooperation of the universal drive permits such adjustments.

The improved chain links are adapted to decrease breakage, and if breakage does occur, to facilitate repairs.- By preventing excessive sifting of material, they cut down wear. The propellers beneaththe chains, by eliminating much of the material which does sift through the chains, prevent .clogging of the chains on their sprockets and excessive wear attendant therewith.

In view of the above, it is believed that the various features of this invention will be clear without further elaboration, and it will be seen that with the apparatus herein described, the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention,

lib") the platen at one operation.

it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the ac companyin drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In a crusher of the type described, the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates cooperating therewith and adapted to receive the impact of blows of said elements on material being crushed, a platen backing said chain at the point of impact and means, operable While'the crusher is in operation, for adjusting the positions of the chain and 2. In a crusher of the type described, the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movableimpact plates cooperating therewith and adapted to receive the impactof blows of said elements on material bein crushed, a platen backing said chain at t e point of impact-and means, operable while the crusher is in operation,

for adjusting the positions of the chain and the platen at one operation and the wear between plates of the chain at the same operation.

3. In a crusher of the type described, the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates cooperating therewith to form an impact re gion, a platen backing said chain at the region of impact and means, operable while the cnusher is in operation, for adjusting the positions of the chain and the platen primarily at the region of impact.

4. In a crusher of the type described, the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates cooperating therewith to form an impact region, a platen backing said chain at 'the region of impact and means, operable while the crusher is in operation, for adjusting the positions of the chain and the platen at one operation primarily at the region of impact, and the Wear between plates of the chain at the same operation. 1 V 5, In a crusher of the type described the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates-cooperating therewith to forman impact re-- gion, a movable platen backing said chain at the region of impact, means, operable while the crusher is in operat1on,'for-ad justing in one operation the positions of the chain and platen at the impacting region and means for compensating the position 0 the chain at another point by another opera tion. i i

6. Ina crusher of the t pe described the combination of rotary crus ing-elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates cooperating therewith, a movab e platen back ing said chain at the point of impact, means for adjusting in one operation the positions of the chain and platen at the impacting point and the wear between plates of the chain, and means for compensating the position of the chain at another point by another operation.

.7 In a crusher of the type described the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impactplates cooperating therewith and an adjustably positioned drivesliaft and elements thereon for driving said chain said shaft being driven from an external source by way of a universal coupling.

8. In a crusher of the type described the combination of rotary crushing elements, an endless chain of movable impact plates 00- operating therewith and an adjustably positioned drive shaft and elements thereon for driving said chain said shaft being driven from an external source byway of a universal coupling, and said crushing elements being driven independently of said shaft.

9. A movable impact chain and mounting therefor for machines of thetype described, comprising a\chain of impact plates, supporting rolls on one shaft for the chain, driving sprockets thereforv on another shaft and propellers mounted on said last named shaft adapted to clear material from between the,

chain and the said shaft. I

10. A movable impact chain and therefor, for machines of the type describe mountin comprising a chain of impact plates, supv porting means on one shaft for mounting the chain movably, and driving means therefor on another shaft, a pivoted platen behind the impact point of the chain and means for adjusting the positions of the platen and the driving shaft simultaneously said means comprising arms pivoted with the platen, means adapted to move the platen movable with said arms, and means for simultaneously transmitting motion from the said arms to the driving shaft.

11. A movable impact chain and mounting therefor, for machines of the type describe comprisinga chain of impact plates, supporting means on one shaft for mounting comprising arms pivoted with the platen, means adapted to move the platen movable with said arms, and meansfor simultane arms tolthe driving shaft and a. com ensating adjustment for the first-named s aft.

. In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this 29th day of October, 1925. I 1

' EDWARD H. FRICKEY.

ously transmitting motion from the said 

